The lava flows of the 1914 eruption connected it with the Osumi Peninsula. During the last stages of the eruption, emptying of the underlying magma chamber sank the centre of the Aira Caldera by about 60 cm (24 in). (Thankfully the residents had enough warning to get out of the way in time.) Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Tokyo warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 8000 ft (2400 m) altitude or flight level 080 and is moving at 10 kts in SE direction. On September 13, 2016 a team of experts from Bristol University and the Sakurajima Volcano Research Centre in Japan suggested that the volcano could have a major eruption within 30 years; since then two eruptions have occurred.[5]. [8] It is about 8 km (5 mi) south of the centre of the caldera. [11] Since 2006, activity has centred on Showa crater, to the east of the summit of Minami-dake. Siebert, L., Simkin, T., & Kimberly, P. (2011). We can imagine how living with the continual prospect of disaster affects daily consciousness in Japan. Its summit has three peaks, Kita-dake (northern peak), Naka-dake (central peak) and Minami-dake (southern peak) which is active now. (2006, April). [25], After a long pause of eruptions at the vent, the eruptions abruptly stopped there and returned to the Showa crater, on April 4, 2016, some 8–9 days preceding major earthquakes on the Median Tectonic Line near Kumamoto, Japan. In the lantern slide, a broad landscape perspective does not engage the devastation that the depicted eruption caused. InstitutionSwarthmore CollegePeace Collectionspcjls133. The last time Sakurajima erupted was in 1914 and it killed 58 people. The depiction of cherry blossoms in this print demonstrates Hiroshige's use of artistic license in representing Sakurajima according to its name rather than its actual environment. Scientists warned that a major eruption could soon take place at the volcano;[24] it eventually did erupt around 20:00 on 5 February 2016. In the ensuing days large earthquakes occurred which resulted in Sakurajima emptying its … Sakurajima (Japanese: 桜島, literally "Cherry Blossom Island") is an active stratovolcano, formerly an island and now a peninsula, in Kagoshima Prefecture in Kyushu, Japan. Sakurajima is an active volcano located in southern Japan. On January 11, 1914, the volcano began violently erupting. Private Sightseeing Flight. [7] One of the main agricultural products of Sakurajima is a huge basketball-sized white radish (Sakurajima daikon). Tephra fell as far as 1000 km from the volcano. stratovolcano 1117 m / 3,665 ft Kyushu, Japan, 31.59°N / 130.66°E Current status: erupting (4 out of 5) Sakurajima webcams / live data | Reports Volcano videos Books Sakurajima volcano eruptions: Its first eruption in recorded history was in 963 AD. Its last really big eruption was in 1914, when it spewed out lava for months on end, destroying hundreds of homes. Additionally, the somewhat intact shape of the billowing cloud of volcanic ash indicates that this image was probably captured toward the beginning of the eruption. The resulting caldera is over 20 km (12 mi) across. The recent eruption was on 17 December 2020, Sakurajima from a ferry in Kagoshima Bay, 2019-07-01. Sakurajima (Japanese: 桜島 , literally Cherry blossom Island) is an active stratovolcano, formerly an island and now a peninsula, in Kagoshima Prefecture in Kyushu, Japan. Plumes The Sakurajima volcano is known to produce plumes of ash in conjunction with clearly visible electrical discharges, known as … Kagoshima. This inclusion is not surprising when considering that the name of the island can be broken down into sakura, meaning "cherry," and jima, meaning "island" (Stewart, 1979, p. 162). Sakurajima (Japanese: 桜島, literally "Cherry Blossom Island") is an active stratovolcano, formerly an island and now a peninsula, in Kagoshima Prefecture in Kyushu, Japan. Photographer Martin Rietze captured a rare picture of lightning within the ash plume in January 2013 during a magma ejection, which was a NASA astronomy pic of the day in March 2013. On arrival at the island, visit the Sakurajima Visitor Center, a small museum exhibit models, pictures, videos and information boards about Sakurajima’s history and eruptions. Sakurajima's last deadly eruption was in 1914, when 58 people died. The day before the eruption most of the residents had fled, due to several large earthquakes, warning them that the once-dormant volcano was about to erupt. The Japanese archipelago, which sits on the Pacific "Ring of fire", has more than 100 volcanoes. [21], On 18 August 2013, the volcano erupted from Showa crater and produced its highest recorded plume of ash since 2006, rising 5,000 metres high and causing darkness and significant ash falls on the central part of Kagoshima city. Sakurajima is in the 25 km (15 mi)-wide Aira caldera, which formed in an enormous "blow-out-and-cave-in" eruption around 22,000 years ago. The lava flows of the 1914 eruption connected it with the Ōsumi Peninsula. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. THE HISTORY OF SAKURAJIMA'S ERUPTIONS Sakurajima is one of Japan's most active volcanoes with small, localised eruptions nearly every day. Initially, the eruption was very explosive, generating eruption columns and pyroclastic flows, but after a very large earthquake on January 13, 1914, which killed 58 people, it became effusive, generating a large lava flow. Sakura-jima formed an island until 1914, when an explosive eruption produced enough material to join the island to the peninsula on the east. To the west, still separated by about 4 km of water, lies the major city of Kagoshima, which frequently suffers from ashfall from the volcano. Explosive activity continues. Sakurajima has been a frequent subject of Japanese visual culture for centuries. The volcano, which formed on the south rim of the Aira Caldera, is a stratovolcano consisting of two peaks, the North Peak and the South Peak, and has repeating major eruptions. Lava flows filled the narrow strait between the island and the mainland, turning it into a peninsula. Lantern slides were produced at this time on a large scale to serve as tokens or souvenirs for visitors (mostly Westerners) to Japanese landmarks (Yoder, 2006). Almost all residents had left the island in the previous days; several large earthquakes had warned them that an eruption was imminent. The eruption buried the gate with volcanic ash. Some years it erupts over 1,000 times and this bad-tempered beast is just eight kilometers from the 600,000 residents of Kagoshima. [7] The eruption partly inspired a 1914 movie, The Wrath of the Gods, centering on a family curse that ostensibly causes the eruption. The shrine gate is located at the northeast of Sakurajima. In both the lantern slide and Hiroshige's print, we can detect a tailoring of the composition toward a glossing over or alteration of the reality of Sakurajima. Japanese Lantern Slides from the E. Raymond Wilson Collection. [22], In August 2015, Japan's meteorological agency issued a level 4 emergency warning, which urges residents to prepare to evacuate. Massive eruption took place in 1914. Yet while the name "Cherry Island" suggests an abundance of cherry blossoms, the reality of Sakurajima's environment contradicts this association. [17], On 10 March 2009, Sakurajima erupted, sending debris up to 2 km (1.2 mi). This was the largest eruption in Japan in the twentieth century. Earlier eruptions built the white sand highlands in the region. New York, NY: Dover Publications. Sakurajima Yogan Nagisa Park and Foot Spa is a free hot spring foot bath near the ferry port, where you can soak your feet while looking at the volcano. Volcanoes of the world (3rd ed.). [20] [3] It is the most active volcano in Japan. Head to the Sakurajima Lava Nagisa Park and its 100-meter-long thermal tub used for footbaths. Just a couple of kilometres across Kagoshima Bay from the city of Kagoshima lies Sakurajima, one of Japan’s most active volcanoes. [23] Sakurajima was formed by later activity within the caldera, beginning about 13,000 years ago. The volcano is one of the most active in Japan, and is a local attraction. Sakurajima was formed by later activity within the caldera, beginning about 13,000 years ago. A guide to Japanese prints and their subject matter. Still, it is estimated that up to 140 people died as a result of the eruption itself and corresponding earthquakes, landslides, and building collapses (Siebert, Simkin, & Kimberly, 2011, p. 338). [7] Thus, these two very different images provide an enlightening juxtaposition of methods of engaging audience interest in Japanese landscape. But that’s not the only reason why Sakurajima became a Decade Volcano in the 1990s and continues to be one of the most closely studied volcanoes in the world. Each of these emplaced large andesitic lava flows which modified the coastline of Sakurajima, indeed connecting the SE corner of the former island to the Oosumi Peninsula in 1914. However, the main crop was shifted to satsuma (mikan) from Sakurajima radishes, because the area of Sakurajima suffered so much damage from a 1914 eruption of the nearby volcano, decreasing the growing area to about 30 hectares (74 acres) by 1955. [7] This showed that Sakurajima draws its magma from the same magma reservoir that fed the ancient caldera-forming eruption. Today, if you were to visit Sakurajima, you would be hard-pressed to find a single cherry tree on the entire island. It is the most active volcano in Japan. Casey Lee, CC BY-SA 2.0 The former island is part of the city of Kagoshima. The lava flows of the 1914 eruption caused the former island to be connected with the Osumi Peninsula. Sakurajima is used as the title of a 1946 short story, written by the Japanese writer Haruo Umezaki, about a disillusioned Navy officer stationed on the volcano island towards the end of World War II as American air force planes bomb Japan. Sakurajima used to be an island but lava flows the 1914 eruption plugged the channel with lava, joining Sakurajima to the mainland of Kyushu. The Japanese archipelago, which sits on the Pacific "Ring of fire", has more than 100 volcanoes. This was the largest eruption in Japan in the twentieth century. Entitled "Ōsumi Province: Sakura-jima," the print shows Kagoshima bay with numerous boats from which Sakurajima majestically arises. While this may seem nonsensical, we must take into account the fact that in the Japanese landscape tradition, reality often takes a backseat to collective associations of place with culturally and artistically significant imagery. (2013). [12], The 1914 eruption began on January 11. Sakurajima was also the name of Japanese singer Tsuyoshi Nagabuchi's song. Don’t miss the shrine gate at Kurokami, which once stood around 3 meters high and was almost completely buried by a major eruption in 1914. [10], Volcanic activity at Kita-dake ended around 4,900 years ago: later eruptions have been centered on Minami-dake. Fortunately, earthquakes leading up to the eruption signaled its coming, and local people had time to evacuate the island and much of the surrounding area before the eruption took place. [19], In 2011 and 2012, Sakurajima experienced several significant eruptions; volcanic activity continued into 2013. 500th eruption! [9], Monitoring of the volcano and predictions of large eruptions are particularly important because it is in a densely populated area, with the city of Kagoshima's 680,000 residents just a few kilometers from the volcano. The lava flows of the 1914 eruption connected it with the Ōsumi Peninsula. A woodblock print by the renowned nineteenth-century woodblock artist Utagawa Hiroshige from his series "Famous Places in the Sixty-odd Provinces" illustrates the traditional iconography associated with the island. 1971 Eruptions Lava lakes were visible in two craters at Sakurajima. The volcano had been dormant for over a century until 1914. The 1914 eruption, which killed 58 people, produced 0.3 cubic miles of lava flow. Sakurajima's last deadly eruption was in 1914, when 58 people died. It seems as though, for these people, a volcanic eruption is just another change in the weather, as they raise their umbrellas, cover their mouths, and walk on through clouded streets. In Encyclopædia Britannica Online. [7] Several hundred cubic kilometres of ash and pumice were ejected, causing the magma chamber underneath the erupting vents to collapse. ... which is the memorial day for the devastating eruption of 1914. After the concert, a statue showing Nagabuchi screaming with a guitar was installed on the site of the concert. Yoder, A. Why Japan's Sakurajima Volcano is so active. Lava flows filled the narrow strait between the island and the mainland, turning it into a peninsula. The Sakurajima Volcano Observatory was set up in 1960 to monitor these eruptions. The most notable aspect of the print is the abundance of cherry blossoms that appear in the valleys and ridges of the island. An eruption had been expected following a series of smaller explosions over the weekend. [26] Then, three months later, on July 26, it spewed volcanic ash 5,000 m (16,000 ft) into the air. The resulting caldera is over 20 km across. It’s actually after a violent eruption in 1914 that lava running down the mountain filled up the gap that separated the eastern part of Sakurajima from Kyushu. We can thus interpret this image as portraying the 1914 eruption in a way that was attractive and interesting to tourists visiting Sakurajima years later. We thought it would be a good place to visit. You will be amazed at the large scale of eruption. 1946 Eruption The eruption of Sakurajima volcano in 1946 produced a crater on the eastern flan k at 800 m elevation. Stewart, B. [18], An eruption occurred from the Minami-dake summit crater at 5:38 on Sunday, August 9th, 2010, sending debris up to 5000 m (16,000 ft). During an eruption in 1914 Sakurajima was transformed from an island to a peninsula. Before 1955, the volcano exploded every few hundred years, blasting in 1471, in 1779 and in 1914, for example. [15], In light of the dangers it presents to nearby populations, Sakurajima was designated a Decade Volcano in 1991, identifying it as worthy of particular study as part of the United Nations' International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. In 2017, volcanic smoke rose from Sakurajima’s craters over a thousand times and there were 406 eruptions, of which 81 were registered as “explosive eruptions” accompanied by tremors and … Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Retrieved from http://www.livescience.com/38999-500th-eruption-why-japan-s-sakurajima-volcano-is-so-active.html. Several craters lie near the 1,117-meter summit of Sakurajima. Sakurajima is a stratovolcano. During of them, a major eruption in 1914, lava filled a 400-meter wide strait causing the island to connect with Osumi Peninsula on the opposite shore. [4], The volcanic activity still continues, dropping volcanic ash on the surroundings, which continues as of September, In both cases, the way in which Sakurajima is depicted has been carefully considered and tailored so as to engage the interest of the viewer in a specific manner. Sakurajima volcano (Japan): news & eruption updates. However, we can see the debris falling out as the wind blows it toward the left side of the picture frame. It was the most powerful in twentieth-century Japan. A news report photo from August 18, 2013 captures local citizens going about their daily lives despite a recent spewing of volcanic ash from Sakurajima. On January 12, 1914 Sakurajima erupted in what was the most powerful eruption to hit Japan in the 20th century. The most recent eruption started on November 12, 2019. As the hundredth anniversary of this eruption approaches, the volcano becomes increasingly volatile. Parts of Kagoshima Bay became significantly shallower, and it made tides higher.[7]. [27], On 3 October 2020, at 0735 UTC, the volcano erupted once again, this time from the Aira caldera. A volcanic ash advisory for aviation was issued by the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center Tokyo (VAAC) at 0743 UTC, showing the ash cloud to be stationary and reaching FL100 (10,000 feet). Retrieved from http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/LanternSlides/Lantern SlideIntro.htm, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/309616/Kagoshima?anchor=ref195410, http://www.livescience.com/38999-500th-eruption-why-japan-s-sakurajima-volcano-is-so-active.html, http://www.swarthmore.edu/library/peace/LanternSlides/Lantern SlideIntro.htm. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/309616/Kagoshima?anchor=ref195410, Oskin, B. Prior to this eruption, Sakurajima had been dormant for over a century. Sakurajima (桜島) is an active composite volcano (stratovolcano) and a former island in Kagoshima Prefecture in Kyushu, Japan. The view of the island provided by the lantern slide appears to be taken from this coast. Sakurajima was joined to the mainland by the deposition of volcanic material following a major eruption in 1914. [29], This article is about the volcano. It is Japan’s most active fire mountain, as well as the site of that country’s biggest 20th century eruption: the VEI 4 Taisho eruption of 1914-1915. It still spews ash and often has a steam cloud near the top. Located in the Pacific "Ring of Fire," Sakurajima coughs up ash daily and … The 1914 eruption was the most powerful recorded in twentieth-century Japan, taking the nation by surprise. The volcano sits on the southern edge of the Aira caldera, the circular water-filled hole that formed on the north side of Kagoshima Bay in an eruption 22,000 years ago. The island grew, engulfing several smaller islands nearby, and eventually became connected to the mainland by a narrow isthmus. While this may seem a bit odd, it reveals much about how natural disaster impacts and even drives Japanese tourism. The lava flow was so large that it connected Sakurajima, previously an island, to the nearby coast, which suffered extensively from earthquake damage ("Kagoshima," 2013). Sakurajima (Japanese: 桜島, literally "Cherry blossom Island") is an active composite volcano and a former island in Kagoshima Prefecture in Kyushu, Japan. The area around Sakurajima contains several hot spring resorts. Kita-dake is Sakurajima's highest peak, rising to 1,117 m (3,665 ft) above sea level. photo, caption -- Kagoshima after Sakurashima eruption, "The Sakura-Jima Eruption of January, 1914", "Sakurajima, Japan's Most Active Volcano", "New data points to major eruption of Japanese volcano", "The 1914 Sakurajima explosion at Volcanoworld", "Sakurajima at the Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo", "Forecasting volcanic activity of Sakurajima", "Japan's Sakurajima volcano due for major eruption within 30 years, say scientists", "Japanese Volcanoes at the Northern Illinois University", "Reuters report on Sakurajima explosion, June 5th 2006", "Decade Volcano Sakurajima at the Earthquake Research Institute", "Volcanic activity world-wide 16 November 2012: Ruapehu, Paluweh, Michael, Kilauea, Fuego, Santiaguito, Nevado del Ruiz, Reventador, Sakurajima, Mammoth Mountain (Long Valley),Ambrym, Nyiragongo", "Sakurajima spews its highest volcanic column ever at 5,000 meters", "Volcano alerts issued in Ecuador, Japan", "Sakurajima in Japan Might Be Headed Towards a Large Eruption", "Volcanic activity worldwide 4 Apr 2016: Popocatépetl volcano, Bromo, Turrialba, Sangay, Sakurajima,...", "Kagoshima's Sakurajima volcano erupts, spews plume 5,000 meters up", "Sakurajima Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ERUPTED AT 20201003/0735Z FL100 STNR OBS VA DTG: 03/0730Z", "Seismographs at the Panama-Pacific Exposition,", Sakurajima: Maintaining an island essence, Sakurajima: National catalogue of the active volcanoes in Japan, Aira / Sakurajima, Global Volcanic Program, Schoolchildren in Kagoshima wearing helmets to protect against stones thrown out by the nearby Sakurajima volcano (which is in background), Schoolchildren and their teacher wearing helmets, Google Earth ground view approaching Sakurajima from the mainland, Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP) (entry for Aira /Sakurajima), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sakurajima&oldid=995311500, Wikidata value to be checked for Infobox mountain, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from May 2020, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. 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