The reasons are: 1. Start studying 2.12 Biological and Psychological Theories of Crime. There is no specific criminal justice system in America but multiple individual and comparative arrangements. -Tested using MMPI and CPI (California Psychological inventory) Criminals scored higher on asocial, amoral, and psychopathic behavior. Second, they have investigated the ways in which aggression and violence are learned There are many common features in existing psychological theories of offending (Farrington, 1994). These theories looked at how cer- Psychological Theories of Crime Introduction The lawbreakers justice system is a framework that involves procedures and office visits created by a government to punish criminals and impose punishments and force penalties for any violation of laws. Three major families of theory have been developed: psychology approaches (heuristics and cognitive), anthropology/sociology approaches (cultural theory) and interdisciplinary approaches (social amplification of risk framework). Most theories assume the following: (1) there are consistent individual differences in an underlying construct such as criminal potential or antisocial personality; (2) hedonism or the pursuit of pleasure is the main energizing factor; (3) there is internal inhibition of offending through the conscience or some similar mechanism; (4) methods of child-rearing used by parents are crucial in developing this conscience in a … Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Have you ever seen a news report on a crime and thought to yourself, "He must be crazy" or "You'd have to be mad to do that." PLAY. Psychological theories about crime have been around for a long time and we sometimes see them used in court cases via the insanity defense. Criminal offenders may have a number of mood disorders that are ultimately manifested as depression, rage, narcissism, and social isolation. Unlimited viewing of the article PDF and any associated supplements and figures. Psychological Theories: An Overview First, they have focused on failures in psychological development--an overbearing or weak conscience, inner conflict, insufficient moral development, and maternal deprivation with its concomitant failure of attachment. Moffitt's original statement of the theory is one of the more important articles in criminology with 2,792 citations. Although psychological perspectives are less represented within mainstream criminology than other approaches, many criminological theories have a psychological component. It is important to note that insanity is a legal term rather than a medical one. Criminals tend to be more impulsive, aggressive, sensation seeking, rebellious, hostile, etc. Kohlberg began work on this topic while a psychology graduate student at the University of Chicago in 1958, and expanded and developed this theory throughout his life. Psychological theory of deviance: In many ways, psychological theories of deviance mirror biological explanations (see section: Biological Theories of Deviance), only with an emphasis on the brain. The psychoanalytic point of view, two main theories: Freud’s theory of stages of sexual development and the theory of addition of Intent by Bowlby in 1947. Several psychological theories have been used to understand crime and delinquency. Several psychological theories have been used to understand crime and delinquency. Research into the sociological theories of crime prior to the Chicago School had not contemplated social environment or context external to individuals, but focused on facets such as spiritual (the Quakers), natural (Hippocrates, 460 BC), utilitarianism (Bentham, 1948) and biological waywardness (Lombroso, 1976) of individuals. One reason for this is that criminology comes out of the social sciences, particularly sociology. Several psychological theories have been used to understand crime and delinquency. Many psychological theories of crime also attempt to explain the development of inhibiting factors—for instance the development of conscience, or the internalization of normative rules. Psychological theories have tried to explain why and how the crime occurs. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Another role of psychology in understanding crime and criminals is something that you have probably seen portrayed on television or in movies: profiling. She proposes that there are two main types of antisocial offenders in society. Psychological theories of crime look at how differences in people's thoughts and feelings can lead to criminal behavior. These theories offer the sociological, psychological and biological views of the causes of crime. These theories are usually expressed in developmental terms and rooted in motivational and learning processes. Conflict between the three personality components forces an individual to develop defense mechanisms to cope with the conflict. Several theories have been proposed to explain why different people make different estimates of the dangerousness of risks. While earlier theories often focused on abnormal behavior and psychological problems, humanist theories instead emphasized the basic goodness of human beings. The extraordinary range of methods and frameworks can be helpfully summed up regarding the classic distinction between the natural-scientific and human-scientific approaches. Sociology's strong focus on environmental explanations for behaviors extended into criminology. Anthropology While many studies have found a relationship between this hormone and crime, researchers do note that the effect of high testosterone is likely to be influenced by the social environment around the person. While Lombroso and Gull looked at physical abnormalities and differences, other theorists examine overall body structure or type to help explain crime. Psychological Theories of Crime and Delinquency 229 that behavior is determined by the person and their environmentin time and space, the thrust of this theory focused on how behavior is shaped by expe-rience. 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